#dv {
        --ink: #000000;
        --teal: #228B22;          /* forestgreen */
        --purple: #800080;
        --teal-deep: #1A6B1A;     /* darker forestgreen for small text on white */
        --mist: #F1F7F1;
        --slate: #555555;
        --rule: #DDDDDD;
        --paper: #FFFFFF;
        --header-offset: 90px;  /* height of the site's fixed header */
        --serif: "Newsreader", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
        --sans: "Instrument Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
        --mono: ui-monospace, "SFMono-Regular", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
        background: var(--paper);
        color: var(--ink);
        font-family: var(--serif);
        font-size: 19px;
        line-height: 1.65;
        -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
        text-align: left;          /* the layout wraps pages in a centred titlebar */
        position: relative;
        z-index: 4;                /* sit above the titlebar overlay */
    }
    #dv, #dv *, #dv *::before, #dv *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
    :where(#dv) p { margin: 0 0 1em; color: var(--ink); }
    :where(#dv) a { color: var(--purple); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
    #dv a:focus-visible, #dv button:focus-visible, #dv summary:focus-visible {
        outline: 3px solid var(--teal); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 2px;
    }

    /* progress */
    .dv-progress { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; height: 3px; width: 0; background: var(--teal); z-index: 9999; }

    /* hero */
    .dv-hero { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; padding: calc(var(--header-offset) + 56px) 24px 72px; }
    .dv-hero-inner { max-width: 1180px; margin: 0 auto; }
    .dv-series { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; color: #A8E6A8; margin: 0 0 28px; }
    .dv-title { font-family: var(--sans); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(48px, 9vw, 112px); line-height: .95; letter-spacing: -0.035em; margin: 0 0 20px; color: #fff; }
    .dv-subtitle { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 23px); line-height: 1.4; max-width: 34ch; color: #CCCCCC; margin: 0 0 56px; }
    .dv-thesis { font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: clamp(28px, 4.4vw, 50px); line-height: 1.18; max-width: 22ch; margin: 0 0 56px; color: #fff; border-left: 4px solid var(--teal); padding-left: 24px; }
    .dv-hero-foot { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 28px 48px; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); padding-top: 28px; }
    .dv-meta { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; color: #CCCCCC; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0; }
    .dv-meta strong { color: #fff; font-weight: 600; }
    .dv-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; }
    .dv-btn { display: inline-block; font-family: var(--sans); font-weight: 600; font-size: 16px; padding: 13px 22px; border-radius: 4px; text-decoration: none !important; transition: background .15s ease; }
    .dv-btn-primary { background: var(--teal); color: #fff !important; }
    .dv-btn-primary:hover { background: var(--teal-deep); }
    .dv-btn-ghost { border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.45); color: #fff !important; }
    .dv-btn-ghost:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); }

    /* layout */
    .dv-body { max-width: 1180px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 64px 24px 96px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 48px; }
    @media (min-width: 1100px) { .dv-body { grid-template-columns: 250px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 72px; } }

    /* table of contents */
    .dv-toc { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; }
    .dv-toc details { border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 4px; padding: 14px 18px; }
    .dv-toc summary { cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; }
    .dv-toc ol { list-style: none; margin: 14px 0 0; padding: 0; }
    .dv-toc li a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 26px 1fr; padding: 5px 0 5px 10px; color: var(--slate); text-decoration: none; border-left: 2px solid transparent; line-height: 1.35; }
    .dv-toc li a span { color: #999999; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
    .dv-toc li a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
    .dv-toc li a.is-active { color: var(--ink); border-left-color: var(--teal); font-weight: 600; }
    @media (min-width: 1100px) {
        .dv-toc { position: sticky; top: calc(var(--header-offset) + 16px); align-self: start; max-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-offset) - 32px); overflow-y: auto; }
        .dv-toc details { border: 0; padding: 0; }
        .dv-toc summary { list-style: none; pointer-events: none; margin-bottom: 4px; }
        .dv-toc summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
    }

    /* article */
    .dv-article { max-width: 70ch; min-width: 0; }
    .dv-article section { scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-offset) + 16px); margin: 0 0 72px; }
    .dv-num { display: block; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--teal-deep); margin-bottom: 6px; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
    .dv-article h2 { font-family: var(--sans); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(28px, 3.4vw, 38px); line-height: 1.12; letter-spacing: -0.02em; margin: 0 0 24px; color: var(--ink); }
    .dv-article h3 { font-family: var(--sans); font-weight: 600; font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 40px 0 12px; color: var(--ink); scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-offset) + 16px); }
    .dv-anchor { opacity: 0; margin-left: 10px; font-weight: 400; color: var(--teal-deep); text-decoration: none; font-size: .7em; vertical-align: middle; }
    .dv-article h2:hover .dv-anchor, .dv-anchor:focus { opacity: 1; }
    .dv-article ul { padding-left: 1.2em; margin: 0 0 1.2em; }
    .dv-article li { margin-bottom: .55em; }
    .dv-article li::marker { color: var(--teal); }
    .dv-lead { font-size: 1.13em; line-height: 1.55; }

    .dv-quote { margin: 36px 0; padding: 4px 0 4px 26px; border-left: 4px solid var(--teal); font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: clamp(23px, 2.6vw, 29px); line-height: 1.32; color: var(--ink); }
    .dv-define { background: var(--purple); color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; padding: 28px 30px; margin: 28px 0 32px; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.45; font-weight: 500; }
    .dv-define small { display: block; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: #F2D4F2; margin-bottom: 10px; }
    .dv-note { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; color: var(--slate); background: var(--mist); padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 4px; }

    .dv-table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; margin: 24px 0 32px; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; }
    .dv-article table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.45; min-width: 520px; }
    .dv-article th { text-align: left; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink); padding: 10px 14px 10px 0; vertical-align: bottom; }
    .dv-article td { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 11px 14px 11px 0; vertical-align: top; color: #222222; }
    .dv-article td:first-child { font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); }
    .dv-status { font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; }
    .dv-status-proven { color: var(--teal-deep); }
    .dv-status-near { color: var(--purple); }
    .dv-status-emerging { color: var(--slate); }

    pre.dv-code { background: #000000; color: #E6E6E6; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; padding: 20px 22px; border-radius: 4px; overflow-x: auto; margin: 16px 0 10px; }
    .dv-caption { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 14px; color: var(--slate); margin: 8px 0 28px; }
    code.dv-inline { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .82em; background: var(--mist); padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 3px; }

    /* architecture figure */
    .dv-arch { font-family: var(--sans); margin: 28px 0 8px; display: grid; gap: 10px; }
    .dv-band { border-radius: 4px; padding: 16px 18px; text-align: center; }
    .dv-band b { display: block; font-size: 16px; }
    .dv-band span { font-size: 14px; }
    .dv-band-edge { background: var(--mist); color: var(--ink); }
    .dv-band-core { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; padding: 22px 18px; }
    .dv-band-core em { display: block; font-style: normal; color: #A8E6A8; font-size: 13.5px; margin-top: 6px; }
    .dv-channels { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 10px; }
    @media (min-width: 640px) { .dv-channels { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); } }
    .dv-channels div { background: var(--teal); color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: 600; font-size: 14.5px; }
    .dv-down { text-align: center; color: var(--teal); font-size: 18px; line-height: 1; }

    /* three-party figure */
    .dv-three { font-family: var(--sans); margin: 32px 0 8px; }
    .dv-parties { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; align-items: center; }
    @media (min-width: 720px) { .dv-parties { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr; gap: 12px; } }
    .dv-party { border: 2px solid var(--purple); border-radius: 4px; padding: 16px 14px; text-align: center; }
    .dv-party b { display: block; font-size: 17px; }
    .dv-party span { font-size: 14px; color: var(--slate); }
    .dv-link { text-align: center; font-size: 13.5px; color: var(--purple); font-weight: 600; }
    .dv-link i { display: block; font-style: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1; }
    .dv-link .dv-h { display: none; }
    @media (min-width: 720px) { .dv-link .dv-v { display: none; } .dv-link .dv-h { display: block; } }
    .dv-core-line { margin-top: 14px; background: var(--teal); color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; padding: 14px 16px; text-align: center; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; }
    .dv-settle { margin-top: 10px; border: 1px dashed var(--ink); border-radius: 4px; padding: 10px 16px; text-align: center; font-size: 14.5px; }

    /* lifecycle */
    .dv-life { list-style: none; counter-reset: life; padding: 0 !important; margin: 24px 0 32px; font-family: var(--sans); }
    .dv-life li { counter-increment: life; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 44px 150px 1fr; gap: 12px; padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); margin: 0; font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.45; }
    .dv-life li::before { content: counter(life, decimal-leading-zero); color: var(--purple); font-weight: 600; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
    .dv-life b { color: var(--ink); }
    @media (max-width: 560px) { .dv-life li { grid-template-columns: 38px 1fr; } .dv-life li span { grid-column: 2; } }

    /* production evidence */
    .dv-proof { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); border-top: 3px solid var(--teal); background: var(--mist); margin: 28px 0 8px; font-family: var(--sans); }
    .dv-proof div { padding: 20px 18px; }
    .dv-proof div + div { border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
    .dv-proof b { display: block; font-size: clamp(30px, 4vw, 42px); line-height: 1; color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 8px; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
    .dv-proof span { font-size: 14.5px; color: var(--slate); line-height: 1.35; display: block; }
    @media (max-width: 560px) { .dv-proof { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .dv-proof div + div { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); } }

    /* share and cite */
    .dv-share { font-family: var(--sans); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin: 12px 0 0; }
    .dv-share a, .dv-share button { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; padding: 9px 16px; border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 4px; background: #fff; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; }
    .dv-share a:hover, .dv-share button:hover { border-color: var(--ink); }
    .dv-cite { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; background: var(--mist); padding: 18px 20px; border-radius: 4px; margin: 12px 0; }
    .dv-end { border-top: 2px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 40px; }
    .dv-small { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 14.5px; color: var(--slate); line-height: 1.6; }

    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .dv-progress { display: none; } #dv * { transition: none !important; } }
    @media print {
        .dv-progress, .dv-toc, .dv-actions, .dv-share, .dv-anchor { display: none !important; }
        .dv-hero { padding: 24px 0; }
        .dv-body { display: block; padding: 0; }
    }

/* card network flow (Research 02) */
.dv-flow { font-family: var(--sans); margin: 28px 0 8px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
@media (min-width: 760px) { .dv-flow { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr; gap: 8px; align-items: center; } }
.dv-flow .dv-node { border: 2px solid var(--ink); border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px 8px; text-align: center; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 600; }
.dv-flow .dv-node span { display: block; font-weight: 400; font-size: 13px; color: var(--slate); }
.dv-flow .dv-node.dv-net { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; }
.dv-flow .dv-node.dv-net span { color: #CCCCCC; }
.dv-flow .dv-arr { text-align: center; color: var(--slate); font-size: 18px; line-height: 1; }
.dv-flow .dv-arr .dv-h { display: none; }
@media (min-width: 760px) { .dv-flow .dv-arr .dv-v { display: none; } .dv-flow .dv-arr .dv-h { display: inline; } }

/* issuceptor network (Research 02) */
.dv-net-fig { font-family: var(--sans); margin: 28px 0 8px; }
.dv-net-core { background: var(--teal); color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; padding: 16px; text-align: center; font-weight: 600; }
.dv-net-core span { display: block; font-weight: 400; font-size: 14px; color: #E8F5E8; margin-top: 4px; }
.dv-net-ents { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 10px; margin-top: 10px; }
@media (min-width: 720px) { .dv-net-ents { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); } }
.dv-ent { border: 2px solid var(--purple); border-radius: 4px; padding: 12px 10px; text-align: center; }
.dv-ent b { display: block; font-size: 15px; }
.dv-ent span { display: block; font-size: 13px; color: var(--slate); margin-top: 4px; }
.dv-ent em { display: block; font-style: normal; font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--purple); margin-top: 6px; }