Visa is a bank-led issuer–acquirer payment network.
PromoCore is a entity-led Issuceptor value network.
Issuceptor removes the rigid issuer–acquirer duality: everyone on PromoCore can issue and accept seamlessly. It expands the concept of value beyond money into social, corporate, and governmental value distribution. Network effects are stronger: one pharmacy voucher or credit could travel across healthcare, retail, or welfare ecosystems.